Electrocardiogram (ECG)
An electrocardiogram is a diagnostic recording of the heart’s electrical signals obtained through surface electrodes. It provides essential information about heart rhythm, conduction pathways, and electrical stability.
An ECG is one of the most fundamental investigations in cardiology and is used to:
- Identify arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, or bradycardia
- Detect myocardial ischemia or infarction
- Assess conduction abnormalities including heart block or bundle branch block
- Monitor cardiac effects of medications and electrolyte disturbances
- Evaluate symptoms such as chest pain, dizziness, palpitations, or fainting
- Pre-operative assessment for patients undergoing surgery
Who Should Undergo an ECG?
- Individuals presenting with chest discomfort, palpitations, breathlessness, dizziness, or syncope
- Those with risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, or family history of heart disease
- Individuals with known cardiovascular disease requiring periodic monitoring
Patients undergoing pre-surgical medical clearance - Athletes or individuals starting high-intensity exercise programs
When is an ECG Recommended?
- During acute symptoms suggestive of cardiac disease
- During routine medical check-ups
- When monitoring treatment response for heart conditions
- Prior to starting medication that may affect heart rhythm
- During emergency evaluation such as suspected heart attack
How is the ECG Performed?
- The patient lies supine on an examination bed.
- Electrodes are placed on the chest, arms, and legs.
- Wires connect the electrodes to the ECG machine.
- The device captures a 12-lead tracing of heart activity within seconds.
- Results are interpreted by a trained clinician or cardiologist.
The test is painless, quick, and requires no recovery time.
Key Advantages
- Fast and painless, completed in minutes
- Non-invasive, no needles, no radiation
- Immediate results for rapid diagnosis
- Detects dangerous rhythm problems early
- Useful for both screening and emergency evaluation
- Safe for all ages, including elderly patients and those with chronic illnesses